Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41476171›Full record

ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2026

3D-printed barbed microneedle electrodes for biosensing and drug delivery in wound management.

Xinyu Fu, Zhengnan Sun, Jun Gu, Ruiqi Liu, Meng Ma, Xuelei Ma, Yi-Ping Ho, Xiaosheng Zhang, Yi Zhang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinyu Fu *School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Zhengnan Sun *School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Jun GuDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruiqi LiuDepartment of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Meng MaSchool of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xuelei MaDepartment of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yi-Ping HoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HongKong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2052-9724
Xiaosheng ZhangSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. zhangxs@uestc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-0573
Yi ZhangSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. yi_zhang@uestc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-3441

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62271107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic wounds represent a major global healthcare burden, demanding integrated solutions for both continuous wound monitoring and on-demand therapeutic intervention. In this work, we present monolithic barbed microneedles (3D-BMN) for wound impedance sensing and barbed hollow microneedles (3D-BHMN) for drug delivery, fabricated with high-precision projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL) 3D printing. Inspired by natural barbed structures like bee stingers, the barbed geometry balances penetration efficiency with mechanical interlocking, enabling stable anchorage to wound dressings. Conductivization with Ag/AgCl and AuNPs imparts robust electrochemical performance, allowing accurate monitoring of wound impedance, which correlates with wound status. 3D-BHMN integrates an ultrasonic atomizer for efficient drug delivery. A closed-loop feedback system couples 3D-BMN and 3D-BHMN, forming a closed-loop system for on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents modulated by the sensed impedance value that aligns with the dynamic wound status. This integrated platform advances smart wound management by combining diagnostics and therapeutics, offering broad translational potential.

Identifiers

PMID41476171
PMCPMC12756240

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.