Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41476070›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

Next-generation mRNA vaccines eliciting robust protection against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Rui Liu, Shi Xu, Shang Liu, Mengwei Xu, Jing Li, Aili Wang, Wei Li, Lingzhi Zhan, Keyue Ruan, Caiyi Fei and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Epigenetic programming of macrophages across inflammatory and malignant diseases.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Rui Liu *College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Shi Xu *Nanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Shang Liu *Nanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Mengwei XuNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Jing LiNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Aili WangNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Wei LiNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Lingzhi ZhanNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Keyue RuanNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Caiyi FeiNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Zengding WuNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Tiyun HanNanjing Chengshi (TheraRNA) Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China. hantiyun@therarna.cn.
Yafei CaiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. ycai@njau.edu.cn.

Funding

Start-up grant from Nanjing Agricultural University 804090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial infections, but the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) undermines their effectiveness. Vaccines targeting multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are urgently needed. Here, we developed next-generation mRNA vaccines encoding two novel target antigens: phosphate-specific transport protein (PstS) and DUF3748 domain-containing protein (YidR). The resulting fusion proteins exhibited high expression and secretion in vitro and provided strong protective efficacy in mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), significantly reducing bacterial loads and organ damage. Moreover, the K. pneumoniae-based mRNA vaccine (KV3), encoding the PstS-YidR fusion protein, elicited notable cross-protection against four Enterobacteriaceae species, including K. pneumoniae, EHEC, Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), and Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of mRNA vaccines employing fusion protein containing a novel target antigen to combat MDR Enterobacteriaceae with significant cross-protective effects.

Identifiers

PMID41476070
PMCPMC12847829

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.