Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Consuming an unprocessed diet reduces energy intake: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial reveals a role for human nutritional intelligence.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03407053 (Effect of Ultra Processed Versus Unprocessed Diets on Energy Intake), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Effect of Ultra Processed Versus Unprocessed Diets on Energy Intake
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2019, Hall et al. reported a randomized clinical trial showing that an ultraprocessed diet increases energy intake by ∼500 kcal/d compared with an unprocessed diet.
objectiveThis post-hoc analysis assessed whether participants selected meal components with specific nutritional characteristics and how this affected energy intake.
methodsTwenty weight-stable adults received an ad libitum ultraprocessed or unprocessed diet for 2 wk, followed by the alternate diet. ANOVA and t tests assessed diet effects; a linear mixed model assessed predictors of meal size.
resultsWith the unprocessed diet, participants selected components with a less-equal blend of energy from carbohydrate and fat ["blend index" difference; lunch = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.26), P< 0.0001, d = 0.76; dinner = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.28), P< 0.0001, d = 0.71]. These components formed meals that had a lower blend index (less balanced) than ultraprocessed meals [lunch, F(1, 19) = 18.49, P < 0.0004, partial η
conclusionsUnprocessed meals may reduce energy intake because: 1) they have a less balanced carbohydrate-fat blend; and 2) they promote a form of nutritional intelligence whereby a compromise is struck between consuming calories and consuming micronutrients, which we refer to as "micronutrient deleveraging." This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03407053.
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