Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41474654›Full record

ArticleJournal of innate immunity2026

Prior Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells to Mycobacteria Reduces Subsequent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Infection and Resulting Inflammation.

Amy M Barclay, Dennis K Ninaber, Kimberley V Walburg, Pieter S Hiemstra, Tom H M Ottenhoff, Anne M van der Does, Simone A Joosten

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Amy M BarclayLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, a.m.de_waal@lumc.nl.
Dennis K NinaberPulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Kimberley V WalburgLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Pieter S HiemstraPulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Tom H M OttenhoffLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Anne M van der DoesPulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Simone A JoostenLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, s.a.joosten@lumc.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRepeated exposures to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and related species may influence host responses, which in turn may affect vaccine efficacy and could even render the host less or more susceptible to progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease.

methodsUsing well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC), we investigated the effect of a prior exposure of the epithelium to Mtb and Mycobacterium bovis vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on the intracellular infection efficiency of Mtb and Mycobacterium avium (Mav) during a second exposure and measured cytokine and antimicrobial peptide secretion.

resultsPBEC that were first exposed to BCG were significantly more resistant to subsequent infection with Mtb. A similar trend was observed in PBEC that were previously exposed to Mtb, although to a lesser magnitude compared to BCG pre-exposure. Furthermore, while the first exposure to mycobacteria induced inflammatory cytokine secretion by PBEC, cytokine secretion was dampened upon a secondary exposure to Mtb, most strongly in previously BCG-exposed cells. Secretion of the antimicrobial peptide hBD-2 was not affected by sequential exposures.

conclusionRepeated exposure of differentiated airway epithelial cells to mycobacteria reduced intracellular infection and inflammation.

Indexed as

BronchiEpithelial CellsInflammationMycobacterium aviumMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium tuberculosisRespiratory MucosaTuberculosisAntimicrobial PeptidesBCG Vaccinebeta-DefensinsCells, CulturedCytokinesHumansAntimicrobial PeptidesBCG Vaccinebeta-DefensinsCytokinesDEFB4A protein, humanBacterial infectionCytokinesEpithelial cellsInflammationMycobacteriaTrained immunityTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41474654
PMCPMC12880847

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.