Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41474380›Full record

ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2026

Effects of Defined Pig Microbiota on Acute Salmonellosis in Gnotobiotic Piglets.

Igor Splichal, Katerina Polakova, Marek Sinkora, Vera Neuzil Bunesova, Nikol Modrackova, Eva Vlkova, Zdislava Kindlova, Kristyna Horvathova, Alla Splichalova

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Effects of Defined Pig Microbiota on Acute Salmonellosis in Gnotobiotic Piglets.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Igor SplichalLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0003-3665-1377
Katerina PolakovaLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia.ORCID 0009-0002-5117-8725
Marek SinkoraLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0003-4059-8169
Vera Neuzil BunesovaDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0002-7596-4360
Nikol ModrackovaDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0002-4390-1277
Eva VlkovaDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0003-3219-2003
Zdislava KindlovaLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia.
Kristyna HorvathovaDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.
Alla SplichalovaLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0002-7428-7687

Funding

Czech Science Foundation 21-15621SMinistry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic LM2023064
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a ubiquitous Salmonella serovar that causes enterocolitis in humans, livestock, poultry, and some pets. Gnotobiotic animals are suitable for studying the development of initial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract, host-microbiota cross-talk, and interactions among microbiota strains. To clarify the impact of pre-colonization of the germ-free piglets with defined pig microbiota (DPM) on the subsequent infection with S. Typhimurium LT2 (LT2), we focused on the acute host immune response. Colonization with DPM did not cause signs of enterocolitis (sleepiness, anorexia, fever, and diarrhea), histological changes in the intestine, the density of acid mucin-producing cells, expression of villin, claudin-1, occludin, TLR4, MD-2, CD14, LBP, MyD88, and TRIF, induction of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and HMGB1. LT2 translocated into the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and blood of the LT2 group, as well as damaged the intestinal structure, and upregulated intestinal inflammatory cytokine levels. The pre-colonization with DPM ameliorated the LT2-induced signs of enterocolitis, intestinal damage, and inflammatory changes. Changes in intestinal levels of soluble TLR4 and TLR2 indicate the possible inclusion of soluble TLRs in the regulation of the inflammatory process. The controlled initial colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal tract with a defined microbial consortium can increase newborn resistance to enteric pathogens and promote thriving of young animals.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGerm-Free LifeMicrobiotaSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella typhimuriumAnimalsCytokinesSwineCytokinesdefined pig microbiotagnotobiotic piglethigh mobility group box 1inflammatory cytokineslipopolysaccharideSalmonella TyphimuriumsalmonellosisToll‐like receptors

Identifiers

PMID41474380
PMCPMC12755190

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.