Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41474063›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

3D Printed Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors for Integrated Hybrid Electronics.

Daniel Wai Hou Ng, Hassene Ben Atitallah, Ghazaleh Haghiashtiani, Jinsheng Fan, Hyunjun Kim, Guebum Han, Riyan Mendonsa, Razman Zambri, Michael C McAlpine

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Daniel Wai Hou NgDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-4029
Hassene Ben AtitallahSeagate Technology LLC, Bloomington, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5460-2942
Ghazaleh HaghiashtianiSeagate Technology LLC, Bloomington, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-5321
Jinsheng FanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-6606
Hyunjun KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9776-7730
Guebum HanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-1607
Riyan MendonsaSeagate Technology LLC, Bloomington, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2075-3872
Razman ZambriSeagate Technology LLC, Bloomington, MN, USA.
Michael C McAlpineDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7598

Funding

Defense Sciences Office, DARPA 140D0422C0016National Science Foundation ECCS-2025124Seagate Technology 00101268.0
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to 3D print high performance smart materials and multifunctional devices, all seamlessly integrated via a common manufacturing platform, can yield advances in soft robotics, wearable electronics, and human-machine interfaces. One of the most important smart materials in this context is piezoelectrics, due to their dual capabilities in sensing and actuating, which are critical for creating intelligent, responsive systems. In this study, we develop a direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D printing approach for creating flexible and wearable piezoelectric devices using solution-processed poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) as the functional ink. Ferroelectric and actuation-based characterizations are conducted to guide systematic optimization of the electrical poling conditions, yielding high performance 3D printed PVDF-TrFE transducers with d

Indexed as

3d printinghuman‐machine interfaceslight‐emitting diodespiezoelectric polymerswearable electronics

Identifiers

PMID41474063
PMCPMC12921551

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.