ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2026
Type IV secretion systems: reconciling diversity through a unified nomenclature.
Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Conjugative transfer inhibition of IncA and IncC plasmids by SGI1-like elements via relaxosome assembly interference.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification of essential genes for conjugative transfer in antimicrobial resistance-associated pELF-type linear plasmids of opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Unveiling a missing component of the atypical type IV secretion system required for natural transformation of Helicobacter pylori.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Unveiling a missing component of the atypical type IV secretion system required for natural transformation ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Crucial Gram-positive type IV secretion system protein TraF is a structural homolog of type VII secretion system protein EssB/YukC.microLife · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are versatile nanomachines responsible for the transfer of DNA and proteins across cell envelopes. From their ancestral role in conjugation, these systems have diversified into a superfamily with functions ranging from horizontal gene transfer to the delivery of toxins to eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts. Recent structural and functional studies have uncovered unexpected architectural variations not only among Gram-negative systems but also between Gram-negative and Gram-positive systems. Despite this diversity, a conserved set of core proteins is maintained across the superfamily. To facilitate cross-system comparisons, we propose in this review a unified nomenclature for conserved T4SS subunits found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive systems. We further highlight conserved and divergent mechanistic and architectural principles across bacterial lineages, and we discuss the diversity of emerging T4SSs whose unique structures and functions expand our understanding of this highly adaptable secretion superfamily.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.