Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41473842›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in allergy2025

Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: the state-of-the-art of current treatment strategies and future developments.

Emanuele Nappi, Valentina Marzio, Francesco Giombi, Giulia Costanzo, Stefania Merli, Selene Nicolosi, Edoardo Cavaglià, Fabio Lodi Rizzini, Serena Traversi, Alessandro Vrenna and 9 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in allergy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Emanuele NappiPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Valentina MarzioPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Francesco GiombiOtorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, Casa di Cura Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy.
Giulia CostanzoDepartment of Public Health and Medical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Stefania MerliFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Selene NicolosiUnit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Edoardo CavagliàPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Fabio Lodi RizziniDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali-Scuola di Specializzazione in Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università Degli Studi di Brescia/SSD Allergologia Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Serena TraversiDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali-Scuola di Specializzazione in Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università Degli Studi di Brescia/SSD Allergologia Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Alessandro VrennaDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali-Scuola di Specializzazione in Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università Degli Studi di Brescia/SSD Allergologia Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Sofia VassalloUnità Operativa Semplice Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, ARNS Civico, Palermo, Italy.
Gian Marco PaceDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
Carlo LombardiDepartmental Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Pneumology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
Carlo Maria RossiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Francesca PuggioniPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Luca MalvezziDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
Giorgio Walter CanonicaPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Giovanni PaolettiPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Enrico HefflerPersonalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past decade, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management has undergone substantial transformation, shifting from conventional symptom-focused treatments to precision medicine strategies grounded on molecular insights. The introduction of biologic agents has significantly changed the therapeutic landscape for CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), directly addressing key inflammatory pathways and leading to marked reductions in nasal polyp burden, overall disease impact, and corticosteroid use. Concerns regarding long-term effectiveness, financial burden, and accessibility remain unresolved. Advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying CRS are paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, with increasing attention now also being directed toward the phenotype without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), which currently lacks targeted therapies. Despite progress in pharmacologic therapies, surgery remains a fundamental treatment option, with ongoing efforts to standardize surgical approaches and evaluate novel techniques. Optimizing the integration of surgical and medical therapies while expanding access to novel treatments represents a key future goal in CRS care. This review aims to guide researchers and clinicians through the evolving landscape of CRS management, covering the latest evidence on established and emerging therapies, offering practical insights into endotyping, and highlighting important considerations for the management of severe or refractory cases.

Indexed as

biologic therapieschronic rhinosinusitisCRSsNPCRSwNPnasal polyps

Identifiers

PMID41473842
PMCPMC12746665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.