ArticleNeuro-oncology advances
New biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma in CSF: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Diagnosis usually requires a brain biopsy, which is associated with complications and delay of diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can provide a diagnosis without the need for a biopsy, but only in a minority of PCNSL patients. The aim of this study is to identify new potential biomarkers in CSF for patients with clinical suspicion of PCNSL to improve the diagnostic yield of CSF analysis. Methods: CSF samples were analyzed from a retrospective cohort that included patients with clinical suspicion of PCNSL. First-step analysis consisted of targeted multiplex biomarker analysis with use of a proximity extension assay (Olink), allowing the simultaneous analysis of relative expression levels of 183 protein markers in a small CSF volume (1 μl). To validate the potential identified biomarkers, a second quantitative analysis was performed in a subgroup with a bead-based multiplex immuno-assay. Results: We included 74 patients, of whom 11 patients (15%) were diagnosed with PCNSL. In the primary analysis, 30 markers showed significant differences ( Conclusions: We identified a panel of novel potential diagnostic markers in CSF for the diagnosis of PCNSL and confirmed the value of several known markers. The diagnostic value of these markers will be validated in a multicenter prospective study.
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