Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41472917›Full record

ArticleCHEST critical care2025

Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for a Multicenter Randomized Trial of Ketamine vs Etomidate for Emergency Tracheal Intubation.

Stephanie C DeMasi, Brant Imhoff, Ariel A Lewis, Kevin P Seitz, Brian E Driver, Kevin W Gibbs, Adit A Ginde, Stacy A Trent, Derek W Russell, Amelia L Muhs and 31 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CHEST critical care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05277896 (The Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05277896 phase4completednot on this map

The Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation

TypeinterventionalSponsorVanderbilt University Medical CenterRan2022 to 2025Enrolled2,367ConditionsAcute Respiratory FailureArmsKetamine, Etomidate
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Stephanie C DeMasiFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Brant ImhoffFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Ariel A LewisFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Kevin P SeitzFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Brian E DriverFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Kevin W GibbsFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Adit A GindeFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Stacy A TrentFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Derek W RussellFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Amelia L MuhsFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Matthew E PrekkerFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
John P GaillardFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Daniel Resnick-AultFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
L Jane StewartFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Micah R WhitsonFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Graham W W Van SchaikFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Aaron E RobinsonFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Jessica A PalakshappaFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Neil R AggarwalFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Jason C BrainardFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
David J DouinFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Carolynn LyleFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Sheetal GandotraFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Aaron J LacyFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Kristen C SherlinFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Greta K CarlsonFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
J Maycee CainFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Brianne RedmanFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Carrie HigginsFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Cori WithersFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Logan L BeachFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Barbara GouldFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Jasmine McIntoshFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Bradley D LloydFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Tiffany L IsraelFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Li WangFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Todd W RiceFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Wesley H SelfFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Jin H HanFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Jonathan D CaseyFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.
Matthew W SemlerFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. C. D., G. W. W. V. S., A. J. L., W. H. S., and J. H. H.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I. and L. W.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (A. A. L., B. D. L., T. L. I., T. W. R., W. H. S., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (K.P. S., A. L. M., T. W. R., J. D. C., and M. W. S.), the Department of Pharmacy (K. C. S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (J. H. H.), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. E. D., M. E.P., A. E. R., and G. K. C.), the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M. E.P. and G. K. C.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease (K. W. G., J. A.P., and J. M. C.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology-Critical Care (J.P. G.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P. G. and B. R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., S. A. T., D. R.-A., and C. W.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S., J. C. B., and D. J. D.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and C. H.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T. and C. L.), the Department of Anesthesiology (L. J. S.), Denver Health Medical Center (B. G.), Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (D. W. R., M. R. W., and S. G.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W. and L. L. B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (J. M.), Birmingham, AL.

Funding

Clinical and Translational Training Program in Pulmonary MedicineT32HL087738 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lorraine B Ware · 2007 to 2026
$7.0M
TIPS: Training in Perioperative ScienceT32GM108554 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Eric J Delpire · 2014 to 2026
$3.7M
Bag-Mask Ventilation to PreVent Hypoxemia during Tracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department: A Clinical TrialK23HL153584 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI CASEY, JONATHAN DALE · 2020 to 2024
$900k
Restoring Endothelial Function After Traumatic Injury to Reduce ARDS and Multi-Organ DysfunctionK23HL165107 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI David J. Douin · 2023 to 2026
$759k
Intubation with Sedation Only to Prevent Hypoxemia during Emergency Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical TrialK23HL181100 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Stephanie Currin DeMasi · 2025 to 2026
$370k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL153584NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL165107NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL181100NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL087738NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM108554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmergency tracheal intubation is a common and high-risk procedure. Ketamine and etomidate are medicines commonly used to induce anesthesia for emergency tracheal intubation, but whether the induction medication used affects patient outcomes is uncertain. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does the use of ketamine for induction of anesthesia decrease the incidence of death among adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation compared with the use of etomidate? STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsThe Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation (RSI) is a pragmatic, multicenter, unmasked, parallel-group randomized trial being conducted at 14 sites (6 emergency departments and 8 ICUs) in the United States. The trial compares ketamine vs etomidate for induction of anesthesia among 2,364 critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation. The primary outcome is all-cause 28-day in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome is the incidence of cardiovascular collapse during intubation, a composite of hypotension, receipt of vasopressors, and cardiac arrest.

resultsEnrollment began on April 6, 2022, and is expected to conclude in 2025.

interpretationThe RSI will provide important data on the effects of ketamine vs etomidate on death and other outcomes for critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation. Specifying the protocol and statistical analysis plan before the conclusion of enrollment increases the rigor, reproducibility, and transparency of the trial. CLINICAL

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT05277896; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Indexed as

emergency tracheal intubationetomidateinductionketamine

Identifiers

PMID41472917
PMCPMC12747562

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