ArticleSubstance use & misuse2026
Operationalizing Contingency Management to Improve Adherence and Retention in Methadone Treatment: A Scoping Review.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating evidence-based methamphetamine interventions into methadone clinics: Structural barriers and implementation opportunities.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Interventions for methamphetamine use among people on methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam: a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (STAR-OM).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundContingency management, an evidence-based intervention, can be used to reinforce adherence and retention in methadone treatment. A literature synthesis on the delivery of contingency management for this purpose will facilitate the adoption of this intervention. Our scoping review addressed three questions: (1) What behaviors does contingency management target to promote adherence and retention in methadone treatment? (2) What incentives are used to reinforce these behaviors? and (3) What are the operational aspects of contingency management implementation in methadone treatment?
methodsWe searched original research articles in English in MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase. We summarized findings and identified research gaps through narrative analysis of the selected studies.
resultsWe identified 14 articles reporting 16 studies. Most studies were conducted in the United States and in large cities. Daily methadone consumption, attendance to scheduled appointments, and completion of individually tailored tasks were the target behaviors to promote adherence and retention. Contingency management was implemented in voucher-based and prize-based formats with high flexibility in adjusting the definition of a behavior achievement, value, and types of incentives to fit within clinical and budget constraints. Two highlighted aspects of contingency management delivery were how to identify the most appropriate and motivational incentives to a particular population and how to communicate with participants before and during the intervention.
conclusionContingency management is highly adaptable to different settings to improve treatment adherence and retention in methadone programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.