SynthesisViruses2025
Global Prevalence and Cancer Risk of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- HPV DNA Detection and Genotyping in Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma: Insights into a Possible Viral Association.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Human papilloma virus as causal in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and a dominant cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Alongside established risk factors, recent studies highlight oncoviruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) as potential contributors. However, their role and association with BC development is still debatable. STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis involved two distinct approaches: one assessing the worldwide prevalence of EBV and HPV coinfection in BC patients and another investigating the association between such coinfection and BC risk. A systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted up to 5 May 2025. Studies using PCR to detect both viruses in breast tissue samples were included. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
resultsOut of 307 non-duplicate records, 16 studies were found to be eligible for quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of EBV/HPV coinfection among BC patients was 14% (95% CI: 12-16%; I
conclusionOur analysis shows that EBV and HPV coinfection prevalence varies by region and appears to be rising over time among women with breast cancer. Additionally, the strong statistical association between coinfection and breast cancer risk suggests a potential role for these oncoviruses in disease development, highlighting the possible preventive value of EBV and HPV vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.