ReviewMicroorganisms2025
Biofilm as a Key Element in the Bacterial Pathogenesis of Forest Trees: A Review of Mechanisms and Ecological Implications.
Review in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Bacterial diseases of forest trees represent an increasing threat to ecosystem health and the sustainability and resilience of forest management, particularly under changing climate conditions. One of the key yet still insufficiently understood adaptive mechanisms of pathogens is biofilm formation-a structured community of bacterial cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which provides protection against stress factors, biocides, and the host's defensive responses such as antimicrobial compounds or immune reactions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on the role of biofilms in the bacterial pathogenesis of forest trees, covering their formation mechanisms, molecular regulation, and ecological significance. Four key stages of biofilm development are discussed-adhesion, microcolony formation, EPS production, and dispersion-along with the roles of quorum sensing systems and c-di-GMP-based signaling in regulating these processes. Examples of major tree pathogens are presented, including
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