ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Crack Cocaine: A Study Conducted on the Brazilian Amazon Coast.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
People who use crack cocaine (PWUCC) constitute a key population due to vulnerability and marginalization, especially in a socio-ecologically diverse, relatively isolated region with limited public health infrastructure. This study aimed to perform a genetic characterization of circulating HCV among PWUCC in the municipality of Bragança, situated on the Brazilian Amazon coast, identifying viral genotypes, subtypes, resistance-associated substitutions (RAS)-naturally occurring mutations in the viral genome that can reduce the efficacy of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents-and predictions of phenotypic resistance.
methodsBetween 2016 and 2018, biological samples and epidemiological data were obtained from 165 PWUCC. Viral detection was performed using RT-PCR, while genotyping, subtyping, and RAS profiling were conducted through nucleotide sequencing and fragment analysis.
resultsIn 165 PWUCC, 22 (13.3%) tested positive for HCV RNA. Most of them had not had access to public health services (91.5%), and more than half (57.0%) reported living in unstable housing conditions. HCV subtypes 1a (27.3%), 1b (40.9%), and 3a (31.8%) were detected. Evidence of resistance associated with DAAs, such as daclatasvir and dasabuvir, was detected in five PWUCC with HCV (22.7%).
conclusionsThe high prevalence of HCV infection, predominantly subtype 1b, and significant levels of resistance are very concerning. This demonstrates the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to expand access to testing, treatment, and effective antiviral therapy in this vulnerable population of the Brazilian Amazon.
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