Er:YAG Laser Energy Optimization for Reducing Single-Species Microbial Growth on Agar Surfaces In Vitro.

Jakub Fiegler-Rudol, Małgorzata Kępa, Dariusz Skaba, Rafał Wiench

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jakub Fiegler-RudolDepartment of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0009-0009-3173-9389

Małgorzata KępaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4013-6688

Dariusz SkabaDepartment of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8732-251X

Rafał WienchDepartment of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5673-7413

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStandardized Er:YAG laser settings for microbial reduction remain undefined, and existing studies rarely compare multiple species under identical conditions. This work aimed to characterize susceptibility across selected microorganisms using a controlled agar-based surface growth model.

methodsSix reference strains (

resultsAll microorganisms showed measurable inhibition at every tested energy level, with diameter increasing proportionally to energy.

conclusionsEr:YAG laser irradiation produces consistent, energy-dependent antimicrobial effects on single-species agar-based surface growth, with clear differences in species susceptibility and tip performance. The identified parameter ranges provide a quantitative foundation for future in vitro studies aiming to refine Er:YAG-based microbial reduction strategies.

Indexed as

BacteriaLasers, Solid-StateAgarCandida albicansEscherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosaAgaragarCandida albicansEnterococcus faecalisEscherichia coliin vitrolaserslaser therapyPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID41471242

DOI10.3390/pathogens14121287

PMCPMC12736127

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.