ArticleMicromachines2025
Development of Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence Nanorods on Micro Post Arrays for Portable Detection of Human Semen Biomarkers.
Article in Micromachines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Rapid and reliable on-site identification of body fluids is essential in forensic and field diagnostic applications. Commercial kits provide only single results and often suffer from cross-reactivity, while conventional microarrays offer multiplex capability but lack sufficient fluorescence intensity for field-deployable systems. In this study, we present a highly sensitive nanorods on micro post array (NMPA) substrate and a smartphone-based portable detection system. The NMPA substrate integrates metal nanorods with UV-imprinted micro post structures to produce metal-enhanced fluorescence and improved signal localization. When evaluated using a microarray scanner, the substrate achieved high sensitivity, detecting semen diluted up to 1/100,000. The portable smartphone system further demonstrated simultaneous detection of three semen biomarkers (PSA, ACPP, and Semenogelin-1) at a 1/1000 dilution, matching the detection limit of commercial kits. Specificity tests using blood, saliva, urine, vaginal fluid, and environmental contaminants showed no false-positive responses. These results highlight the potential of the NMPA system as a portable diagnostic technology capable of rapid (<15 min), multiplex, and highly sensitive detection in field environments. Future work will focus on quantitative calibration, substrate stability assessment, and expansion toward multi biomarker panels for broader forensic and clinical applications.
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