ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A Century of General Lichtenecker Equation: Between Stringency and Empiricism, Accuracy and Approximability.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The general Lichtenecker equation, with exponent values in the range -1≤k≤1, is widely used to describe and predict the effective macroscopic electrical, magnetic, thermal and optical properties of various heterogeneous media. Although it sometimes fits experimental data well, in most cases, however, it is physically incorrect and its predictive ability is often overestimated. Using a rigorous spectral representation, we show that for isotropic composites, except for the trivial one-dimensional case, only two specific forms of this equation, the logarithmic (k=0) and Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga (k=1/3) mixing laws, are dimensionally consistent, corresponding to spatial dimensions d=2 and d=3, respectively. Furthermore, the requirement of phase-interchange symmetry severely restricts the applicability of the Lichtenecker equation, rendering it unsuitable for most real composite systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.