ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2025
Public perceptions of heroin use: the influence of smoking, marital, and employment status on stigma toward people who use substances.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSubstance use stigma presents a significant barrier to treatment and recovery, particularly in societies where cultural and religious values frame substance use as a moral failing. Although heroin-related stigma has been studied globally, there is limited research exploring how demographic factors influence stigma toward people who use heroin in Jordan. This study aimed to assess the impact of smoking, marital, and employment status influence public stigma toward people who use heroin among Jordanian adults.
methodsA nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April 2024 among Jordanian adults aged 18–65. Participants were recruited via Facebook and completed a questionnaire assessing stigma using five items adapted from validated scales. Demographic variables included smoking status, marital status, employment status, age, and region. Associations between demographics and stigma were examined using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models.
resultsA total of 908 participants completed the survey. Overall, respondents expressed strong stigma toward people who use heroin, with high perceived risks of career damage, social rejection, and legal trouble. Non-smokers, married individuals, and retired participants reported significantly stronger negative views compared to smokers, unmarried individuals, and students, respectively. No significant differences were observed based on sex.
conclusionsSmoking, marital, and employment status are associated with public stigma toward people who user drugs in Jordan. These findings highlight the influence of traditional social norms on stigmatizing attitudes and emphasize the need for culturally sensitive public health interventions in order to reduce stigma and improving treatment access for individuals with substance use disorders in Jordan. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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