Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41469774›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Leveraging blockchain with zero knowledge proofs in wearable health technologies for personalized healthcare.

Abdullah Ayub Khan, Asif Ali Laghari, Hamad Almansour, Teerath Kumar, Ines Hilali Jaghdam, Fahima Hajjej, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abdullah Ayub KhanDepartment of Computer Science, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, 75260, Pakistan. abdullahayub.bukc@bahria.edu.pk.
Asif Ali LaghariDepartment of Computer Science, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan. asifalilaghari@gmail.com.
Hamad AlmansourDepartment of Information Systems, Applied college, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia.
Teerath KumarSchool of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. teerath.menghwar2@mail.dcu.ie.
Ines Hilali JaghdamDepartment of Computer Science and Information Technology, Applied College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Fahima HajjejDepartment of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamad Afendee MohamedFaculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wearable health technology has revolutionized remote monitoring and personalized healthcare by allowing real-time surveillance of patient health measurements and vital signs. However, their widespread acceptance is hampered by issues with security, privacy preservation, data protection, and interoperability. Blockchain Technology (BT), in particular Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and smart contracts, present a viable way to enhance the privacy, provenance, and integrity of wearable health data. This paper proposes a BT-enabled system that guarantees decentralized, unforged data management, transparency, immutability, and dynamic traceability for wearable health devices, particularly smartwatches with biosensors. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed work, the main performance-related metrics-latency, throughput, computational overhead, security robustness, and scalability-are looked at. The experiment's simulated findings show that BT integration is effective, with a 99.33% improvement in data integrity and protection. Automated access control protocols demonstrate data protection by utilizing smart contracts, and ZKPs guarantee verifiable data exchanges without jeopardizing patient privacy. These results demonstrate improved interoperability, decreased processing time, and increased security in comparison to comparable cutting-edge centralized platforms.

Indexed as

BlockchainPrecision MedicineWearable Electronic DevicesComputer SecurityHumansTelemedicineBlockchainPersonalized healthcareRemote monitoringSmart contractWearable healthcareZero-Knowledge proofs

Identifiers

PMID41469774
PMCPMC12753845

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.