ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
Epidemiology of BVD and persistently infected cattle across urban and peri-urban dairy farms in central, northern, and southern parts of Ethiopia.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically significant disease affecting both domestic and wild ruminant species. The causative agent is bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. In Ethiopia, information on the disease to initiate prevention and control measures is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of BVD and persistently infected cattle and identify the associated risk factors in dairy farms situated in urban and peri-urban areas. METHODOLOGY: An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used to test serum samples collected from 1634 dairy cattle in 180 herds. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the association between independent and outcome variables, and those with a significant association with the outcome variables were considered for a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify potential risk factors.
resultsThe study revealed an overall antibody and antigen prevalence of 28.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.2-30.6%) and 1.5% (95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.3%), respectively. The true within- and between-herd- sero-prevalence of BVD was 49.1% and 67.8%, respectively. The study also revealed a 0.94% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53-1.77) animal level and 6.4% (95% CI: 0.53-10.9) herd level prevalence of persistently infected animals. The study location, body condition score (BCS), diarrhea, herd size, origin of animals, and calf congenital anomalies were significantly associated with the prevalence of BVD (P < 0.05). Location, BCS, herd size, and origin of the animals were identified as potential risk factors (p < 0.05).
conclusionsOur study revealed that BVD is well established in commercial dairy farms, suggesting the need to design strong prevention and control measures. Future studies should be encouraged to determine the genetic diversity of the viruses in the country.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.