SynthesisBMC public health2025
Association of meteorological factors with allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hay Fever Symptom Burden From Grass Pollen: Implications for Public Health Warning Thresholds.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Allergenic Pollen Dynamics in Continental-Climate Urban Ecosystem: Multivariate Statistical Modeling of a 24-Month Observational Study.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct acute and delayed effects of temperature and atmospheric pressure on allergic rhinitis: a distributed lag non-linear time-series study in subtropical China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssociations of meteorological factors with allergic rhinitis (AR) have been examined in numerous prior research works, yet conclusions regarding these correlations remain inconsistent.
methodsEligible articles were identified from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases by December 1, 2025. Five factors were analyzed: temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. Random-effect models calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis explored heterogeneity, while publication bias was evaluated.
resultsTwenty-two observational studies involving 5,218,796 participants were included. For temperature, a 1 ℃ increase corresponded to a 14% elevated AR risk [OR (95%CI) = 1.14 (1.03–1.25)], whereas subgroup analyses uncovered more significant associations in temperate zones, high-quality studies and medical record-based outcomes. For humidity, a 1% increase in relative humidity was correlated with a 4% reduced AR risk [OR (95%CI) = 0.96 (0.94–0.99)], with more pronounced protective effects in subtropical regions, middle-income countries and medical record-based outcomes. A 10 mm increase in precipitation was correlated with an 18% higher AR risk [OR (95%CI) = 1.18 (1.01–1.38)], though sensitivity analysis indicated the results were influenced by individual studies. There were no significant links between atmospheric pressure, wind speed and AR (P > 0.05). Additionally, no obvious publication bias was detected in this study.
conclusionsTemperature and precipitation may increase the risk of AR, while humidity has a protective effect, with the effects varying across climate zones, income levels, study quality and outcome type.
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