ArticleBMC public health2025
Generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety among Tanzanian adolescents with HIV and association with HIV outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correction: Generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety among Tanzanian adolescents with HIV and association with HIV outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Experiences of Adolescents Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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- Erratum issued
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruptions to HIV services globally. The impact of COVID-19 on mental wellbeing and HIV outcomes among adolescents with HIV (AWH) in Tanzania is unknown. We assessed the burden of generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety and associations with adherence to HIV care and treatment and viral load suppression (VLS) among AWH during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among AWH aged 15-19 years attending 10 clinics in Dar es Salaam from April-December 2022. Trained RAs administered a questionnaire to study participants which included questions on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), COVID-19 related anxiety, and other psychosocial and physical health and support measures such as self-management and quality of physical health. HIV clinic visit adherence, viral load and sociodemographic data were abstracted from patient health records. Multivariable quasibinomial and logistic regression models examined associations of Generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety with visit adherence (attending all scheduled visits (+/- 3 days) for 12 months prior to September 2019) and HIV virologic suppression (HIV VL < 50 copies/mL), respectively. Data were analyzed using R software.
resultsFive hundred sixty seven AWH (48% male, median time on ART 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 79 months)) were included in this analysis. Over half (53%) attended at least 75% of their scheduled clinic visits, and 78% were HIV virologically suppressed (< 50 copies/mL). The median GAD and COVID-19-related anxiety scores were 1 [IQR: 4], and 25 [IQR: 31], respectively. Only 2% scored moderate-severe generalized anxiety (score 10-21). We found no significant associations between COVID-19 related anxiety [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.00 (95% CI 0.90, 1.00)] or GAD [AOR = 1.03 (0.99, 1.07)] and visit adherence. Higher GAD was inversely associated with VLS [AOR: 0.90 (95% CI 0.81, 0.99]. Female gender [AOR = 1.67 (95% CI 1.05, 2.66)], higher quality of physical life [AOR 1.17 (95% CI 1.04, 1.32)] and living with parents [AOR = 1.61 (1.00, 2.57)] were significantly associated with VLS.
conclusionsLow levels of generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety were reported among Tanzanian AWH. Scaling up integrated screening and management of GAD into HIV care for AWH could improve VLS among this population.
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