Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41469466›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue and pharmaceutical effluents using biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Amr S Abouzied, Edwin Andrew Ofudje, Favour Abumere Imohiosen, Khairia Mohammed Al-Ahmary, Saedah R Al-Mhyawi, Hamad AlMohamadi, Ibtehaj F Alshdoukhi, Jawza Sh Alnawmasi, Tahani Mohammed Alrosaa

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Amr S AbouziedDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Edwin Andrew OfudjeDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Favour Abumere ImohiosenDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria. favourabumereimohiosen@gmail.com.
Khairia Mohammed Al-AhmaryDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saedah R Al-MhyawiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hamad AlMohamadiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Ibtehaj F AlshdoukhiDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Jawza Sh AlnawmasiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Tahani Mohammed AlrosaaDepartment of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia PNURSP2025R580
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were biosynthesized using Ocimum basilicum leaf extract via an eco-friendly, plant-mediated approach and applied for the adsorption of methylene blue dye and pharmaceutical effluent. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The characterization results demonstrated that round-shaped ZnO NPs were prepared with particle sizes of 10.24 nm. Key phytochemicals identified by GC-MS that participate in nanoparticle synthesis include hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, eucalyptol, fenchone, benzenemethanol, octanal, and 9-Octadecenoic acid. The effluent decolorization efficiency decreased from 72.00 to 44.88%, whereas that of the dye dropped from 75.11 to 53.33%. When the contact time was increased from 5 to 100 min, the effluent decolorization efficiency increased from 46.67 to 76.89%, while that of the dye rose from 48.44 to 82.26%. A positive enthalpy change (ΔH = 14.76 and 23.28 kJ/mol for MB and pharmaceutical effluent) indicates that the reaction is endothermic. This indicates that the reaction requires heat input to proceed. This study provides a low-cost and sustainable approach for the remediation of pharmaceutical wastewater via the use of green-synthesized ZnO-NPs. The novelty of the work lies in the combined treatment of methylene blue and pharmaceutical effluent using Ocimum basilicum-mediated ZnO nanoparticles, which has not been previously reported.

Indexed as

Metal NanoparticlesMethylene BlueNanoparticlesWater Pollutants, ChemicalZinc OxideAdsorptionOcimum basilicumPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesWastewaterWater PurificationMethylene BluePlant ExtractsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalZinc OxideAdsorptionCharacterizationGreen synthesisMethylene blueNanoparticlesOcimum basilicumPharmaceutical effluentWastewater treatment

Identifiers

PMID41469466
PMCPMC12835534

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.