ReviewBMJ open2025
Mental health peer support relationship: a realist informed qualitative meta synthesis.
Review in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo understand how key relational factors lead to observed outcomes in mental health peer support.
designThis realist-informed qualitative review synthesised findings from 18 studies to develop programme theory relating to interpersonal contexts, linked outcomes and underlying mechanisms of change of mental health peer support. DATA SOURCES: Four databases were searched: PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, CINAHL. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: All studies were evaluated for relevance and rigour for development of programme theory. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Qualitative data were extracted from 20 studies. A realist-informed synthesis identified repeating themes with context-mechanism-outcome configurations.
resultsThis identified five key contextual factors that together form the APPEAR framework (Accepting, Personalised Practice, Empowering, Available and Reciprocal). These contextual factors were found to interact to create the conditions for improved personal recovery outcomes in the domains of (1) self-acceptance, (2) confidence, (3) hopefulness, (4) self-expression, (5) relationships and (6) knowledge and skills.
conclusionsThe APPEAR framework offers an operational foundation for understanding interpersonal mental health peer support interventions.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.