Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41468964›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Coordinated regulation of glutathione S-transferases confers metabolic flexibility in multi-insecticide-resistant Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande).

Jing Wang, Sirui Chen, Yulei Wu, Haolan Yang, Xiaobin Zheng, Jiangjiang Yuan, Kanghua Qian, Hongyi Cao, Yingxi Tang, Xin Yang and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Jing WangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
Sirui ChenState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Yulei WuState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Haolan YangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Xiaobin ZhengState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Jiangjiang YuanState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Kanghua QianState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Hongyi CaoState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Yingxi TangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Xin YangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Zhaojiang GuoState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Wen XieState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Shaoli WangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Qi SuMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
Pei LiangDepartment of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Youjun ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Qingjun WuState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: wuqingjun@caas.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe evolution of multi-insecticide resistance in insect pests threatens global food security. Although glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are implicated in detoxification, the coordinated mechanism by which specific gene subfamilies interact to confer broad-spectrum resistance remains inadequately characterized.

objectiveTo dissect the functional allocation and cooperation of GST subfamilies in multi-insecticide-resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis.

methodsWe integrated comparative genomics (20 GST genes cloned), transcriptomics (qRT-PCR), RNAi-mediated silencing, molecular docking (AutoDock Vina), and in vitro metabolism assays (UPLC-MS/MS) across susceptible and resistant thrips strains.

resultsThe two resistant strains (NIL-R and FS-R) exhibited moderate to high resistance to five insecticides (chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, spinosad, and thiamethoxam), accompanied by significantly elevated GSTs activity. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that GSTs include 10 conserved delta and 7 diverse sigma members. The sigma subfamily has undergone a marked expansion due to gene duplication. Delta (FoGSTd1, d4, and d9) and sigma (FoGSTs1, s2, and s6) genes were significantly up-regulated in the resistant strains. RNAi showed specialized functional allocation among GSTs: delta GSTs mediated resistance to spinosad and chlorfenapyr, sigma GSTs were responsible for thiamethoxam resistance, and notably, cooperation between these subfamilies contributed to resistance against emamectin benzoate and spinetoram. Molecular docking and in vitro metabolism assays of FoGSTd9 and FoGSTs1 proteins further supported the functional allocation and cooperative roles of GST subfamilies.

conclusionOur results indicate that F. occidentalis may coordinate GST subfamilies to achieve metabolic flexibility in response to multi-insecticide pressure. This survival strategy, mediated by mechanistic functional allocation and cooperative interactions among subfamilies, may contribute to energy conservation and reduced adaptive costs. Disruption of this coordinated mechanism represents a potential approach for overcoming resistance in agricultural pest populations.

Indexed as

Glutathione TransferaseInsecticide ResistanceInsecticidesThysanopteraAnimalsMolecular Docking SimulationPhylogenyRNA InterferenceGlutathione TransferaseInsecticidesAllocation and cooperationEvolutionary coordinationFrankliniella occidentalisGSTsInsecticide resistance

Identifiers

PMID41468964
PMCPMC13539237

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.