Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41468550›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026

Pathogen landscape and synergistic interactions in pediatric ARIs: implications for broad-spectrum surveillance via targeted NGS.

Jingjiao Zhou, Ting Li, Shenzhen Yuan, Yi Wang, Alan Zhao, Yifan He, Xiaoyun Zhan, Bei Wu, Zhiping Jia, Yi Liu and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jingjiao Zhou *Department of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3861-0261
Ting Li *Department of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.ORCID 0009-0002-8147-8403
Shenzhen Yuan *Department of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Yi Wang *Department of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Alan ZhaoDepartment of Paediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Yifan HeDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Xiaoyun ZhanDepartment of Paediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Bei WuDepartment of Paediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Zhiping JiaInstitute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yi LiuDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Jun LiDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Han YangDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Jun ZhouDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Zhongyi WangDepartment of Biology and Genetics, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.ORCID 0009-0006-2856-2111
Juan HuangDepartment of Paediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.ORCID 0009-0003-6461-508X

Funding

the Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province #2022EHB035the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission #201441
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children present complex interactions between respiratory pathogens and host, contributing to high morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. In this cross-sectional study, 2,044 pediatric in-patient samples were tested for 198 pathogens using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). Pathogen spectrum and co-infection pattern were analyzed alongside blood-test results and clinical data. Pediatric ARIs presented staggered viral epidemics and age-specific infection patterns from 2022 to 2023. Viral infections were predominant in children under 3 years (67.5%). Specific viral-bacterial co-infections were associated with disease severity, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV)-

Indexed as

BacteriaCoinfectionRespiratory Tract InfectionsVirusesAdolescentBacterial InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleStreptococcus pneumoniaeblood biochemistry indicatorclinical characteristicsco-infectionrespiratory pathogentNGS

Identifiers

PMID41468550
PMCPMC12889064

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.