ArticleJournal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]2026
Universal Dental Adhesives Containing Zinc Oxide and Copper Nanoparticles Improve Interface on Caries-Affected Dentin After 2 Years: In Vitro Study.
Article in Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of operator experience on the bond strength of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems to dentin.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Bioactive and Ion-releasing materials in minimum intervention dentistry: a clinical pathway from prevention to restorative treatment.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of adding zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles (ZnO/CuNp) into universal adhesives (UAs) on resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and presence of ZnO/Cu within the hybrid layer on caries-affected dentin, both at baseline (T0) and after 2 years of water storage (T2). MATERIALS AND
methodsZnO/CuNp (0% [control]; 5/0.1 and 5/0.2 wt%) were added into Prime&Bond Active (PBA) and Ambar Universal (AMB). Ninety-six extracted human third molars were used. After microbiological induction of caries-affected dentin, UAs were applied in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes, followed by composite build-up. Specimens were sectioned to obtain resin-caries-affected dentin bonded sticks for μTBS, NL, and chemical characterization of the hybrid layer for Cu and Zn detection at T0 and T2. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).
resultsZnO/CuNp had no effect on μTBS at T0 (p > 0.05) but improved μTBS at T2, compared to control (p < 0.05). Both UAs showed a significant decrease in μTBS over time (p < 0.05), except PBA with ZnO/CuNp in etch-and-rinse mode. NL was significantly lower in ZnO/CuNp-containing UAs at both time points (p < 0.05), though all groups showed increased NL over time. ZnO/CuNp remained detectable in the hybrid layer at T2.
conclusionsAdding ZnO/CuNp to UAs decreased adhesive interface degradation on caries-affected dentin, likely due to their presence within the hybrid layer even after 2 years. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ZnO/Cu nanoparticles into UAs could enhance the stability of adhesive restorations on caries-affected dentin by reducing interface degradation.
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Registered trials
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