Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41467948›Full record

ArticleDiscover mental health2025

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term trends in youth depression and anxiety.

Mark W G Bosmans, Marjonneke de Vetten-Mc Mahon, Julie A C Penders, Imme J Rahmon, Elske Marra, Bob Inja, Tanja van der Marel, Michel L A Dückers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Discover mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mark W G BosmansNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Marjonneke de Vetten-Mc MahonNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Julie A C PendersNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Imme J RahmonNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Elske MarraNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Bob InjaNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Tanja van der MarelNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Michel L A DückersNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.l.a.duckers@rug.nl.

Funding

ZonMw 10430202120002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adolescent depression and anxiety have been rising in recent decades. Although reviews point at deterioration of youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, how this relates to pre-pandemic trends is unclear. This narrative review examines whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the long-term development of depression and anxiety among adolescents. A systematic search in PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase identified longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional studies using random sampling among youth (11–25 years). Out of 4,761 articles, nine met inclusion criteria. Most studies (7 out of 9) reported rising anxiety and/or depression rates pre-pandemic. During the pandemic, two trends emerged: five studies observed an amplification of pre-existing increases, while four reported a continuation of prior trends, none pointing at improvement. The majority of studies support the hypothesis that COVID-19 exacerbated existing increases in anxiety and depression among adolescents and young adults. Additional longitudinal studies with randomized, general population samples are needed to determine post-pandemic developments.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionLong term trendSystematic narrative reviewYouth mental health

Identifiers

PMID41467948
PMCPMC12753614

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.