Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41467708›Full record

ArticleAIDS (London, England)2026

HIV and ART status at baseline are associated longitudinally with increased pulse wave velocity: findings from the Ndlovu Cohort Study.

Patane S Shilabye, Karine Scheuermaier, Chijioke N Umunnakwe, Roos E Barth, Walter Devillé, Roel A Coutinho, Diederick E Grobbee, Willem D F Venter, Hugo Tempelman, Alinda G Vos-Seda and 1 more

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Article in AIDS (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Patane S ShilabyeJulius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Karine ScheuermaierWits Sleep Lab, Brain Function Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Chijioke N UmunnakweNdlovu Research Centre, Ndlovu Care Group, Elandsdoorn, Dennilton, South Africa.
Roos E BarthDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
Walter DevilléJulius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Roel A CoutinhoPharmAccess Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Diederick E GrobbeeJulius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Willem D F VenterEzintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Hugo TempelmanNdlovu Research Centre, Ndlovu Care Group, Elandsdoorn, Dennilton, South Africa.
Alinda G Vos-SedaJulius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kerstin Klipstein-GrobuschJulius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPeople with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but longitudinal data from middle-income settings remain limited. This study examined the association between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness and CVD risk.

designA longitudinal analysis from the Ndlovu Cohort Study, South Africa.

methodsThe study included 705 participants (325 PWH, 81% on ART at baseline, 19% initiating ART at baseline, and 380 HIV-negative people. Demographic data, HIV/ART status, and covariates were collected at baseline, while PWV was measured at 12 and 36  months. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze PWV changes over time, adjusting for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Results were reported as beta coefficients ( β ) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsAt baseline, PWH were older and predominantly female (67%) compared to HIV-negative people. At 12  months, median PWV was higher in PWH (7.3  m/s) than in HIV-negative people (7.0  m/s, P = 0.001). Over 36  months, PWV increased by 0.30  m/s in PWH and 0.20 m/s in HIV-negative people ( P  = 0.002). ART-naïve individuals had the largest PWV increase after starting ART (6.8  m/s at 12  months to 7.4  m/s at 36  months, P  = 0.001). HIV ( β = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.24-1.06, P  = 0.002) and time ( β = 0.31 m/s per year, P  < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher PWV.

conclusionsPWV increased over time, particularly in PWH, with ART initiation linked to rapid increases. These findings highlight the need for early CVD risk monitoring, especially post-ART initiation, in resource-limited settings.

Indexed as

Anti-Retroviral AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesHIV InfectionsPulse Wave AnalysisVascular StiffnessAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSouth AfricaAnti-Retroviral Agentsantiretroviral therapycardiovascular disease riskHIVpulse wave velocitySouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID41467708
PMCPMC13034736

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.