Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41467692›Full record

Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2026

Antiretroviral resistance in at least second-line HIV-1 treatment virologic failure with common InSTI-based regimens.

Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Cathia Soulie, Marc Wirden, Joshua Gruber, Neia Prata Menezes, Travis Lim, Guillaume Barriere, Diane Descamps, Charlotte Charpentier, Vincent Calvez

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anne-Geneviève MarcelinSorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Cathia SoulieSorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Marc WirdenSorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Joshua GruberGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
Neia Prata MenezesGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
Travis LimGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
Guillaume BarriereMedical Department, Gilead Sciences, S.A.S., Boulogne-Billancourt.
Diane DescampsUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Charlotte CharpentierUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
Vincent CalvezSorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the prevalence and patterns of treatment-emergent resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in people with HIV (PWH) with ≥1 prior regimen experiencing virologic failure (VF) with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC), or cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB + RPV) in an observational setting.

designA noninterventional, multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2024 using a national French multicenter database of genotypic resistance assays performed at confirmed VF.

methodsVF was defined as 2 consecutive HIV-1 plasma viral loads of >50 copies/mL. Genotypic resistance assays were performed using Sanger sequencing. Treatment-emergent RAMs were characterized using the 2024 ANRS algorithm. Clinical history, virologic history, and demographic data were collected from medical records during standard clinical follow-up.

resultsA total of 6523 PWH were followed over 3 years. The prevalence of VF during follow-up was 6% with B/F/TAF, 5% with DTG/3TC, and 5% with CAB + RPV. The prevalence of treatment-emergent RAMs at VF were 3% with B/F/TAF, 15% with DTG/3TC, and 32% with CAB + RPV. Dual treatment-emergent integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) RAMs were observed with B/F/TAF and DTG/3TC, while dual treatment-emergent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and InSTI RAMs were observed with CAB + RPV.

conclusionsThe overall prevalence of VF was low for all regimens. B/F/TAF was associated with a numerically lower prevalence of RAMs at VF compared with DTG/3TC and CAB + RPV. These observational findings highlight the importance of monitoring resistance patterns to optimize HIV treatment outcomes.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHIV-1HIV InfectionsAdultFemaleFranceHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesTreatment FailureViral LoadAnti-HIV Agentsantiretroviral drug resistancecombination antiretroviral therapyHIVmutationpeople with HIVvirologic failure

Identifiers

PMID41467692
PMCPMC13152064

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.