ReviewAsian journal of urology2025
Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Asian journal of urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction technologies in managing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy procedures. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to July 2024, for studies comparing the use of VR distraction technologies versus no VR distraction in patients undergoing cystoscopy. The primary endpoints evaluated were patient-reported anxiety and procedural pain scores, and post-procedural heart rate (HR). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with the use of a random-effects model. The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Results: A total of 575 patients from four randomized controlled trials were included, of whom 289 (50%) underwent the cystoscopy procedure using VR distraction technologies. The mean age of all patients was 57.25 years old, and 395 (69%) of them were male. In our pooled analysis, we did not observe a statistically significant reduction in patient-reported procedural pain (SMD -0.16; 95% CI -0.32-0.00; Conclusion: In this comprehensive meta-analysis comprising 575 patients who underwent cystoscopy, the use of VR was not associated with a significant difference in pain, anxiety, or HR levels.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.