ArticleInternational journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention2025
Smoking and long-term risks for morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Article in International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: We explored the association between smoking and long-term risks of morbidity and mortality in patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This population-based registry study included 27,434 patients (mean age 67.9 years, 18.2 % women), divided into: never smokers (n = 8,593), former smokers (n = 14,666) and current smokers (n = 4,175), who underwent CABG between 2010 and 2020. Data were collected from the SWEDEHEART registry. Three other mandatory registers provided data on comorbidities, social factors and outcome variables. Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate mortality and morbidity. The median follow-up was 5 (0-11) years. Results: Current smokers were younger and had a higher proportion of previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic respiratory disease, depression and low education compared with never smokers. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had higher risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.52, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.66), all-cause mortality (aHR 1.91, (1.71-2.14)) and stroke (aHR 1.49, (1.27-1.74)) but not for myocardial infarction (aHR 1.07, (0.91-1.26)). Compared with former smokers, current smokers had an increased risk for MACE (aHR 1.38, (1.27-1.49)), all-cause mortality (aHR 1.53, (1.39-1.69)), stroke (aHR 1.36, (1.18-1.56)), but not for myocardial infarction (aHR 1.15, (1.00-1.34)). Conclusions: There was a strong association between smoking and long-term risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG. The highest risks were observed in current smokers. The results emphasize the importance of motivating CABG patients to smoking cessation before considering CABG as a treatment option.
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