Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41466514›Full record

ReviewHead & neck2026

Biopsy for Suspicious Oral Lesions: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society-Cancer Prevention Service.

James Christopher Gates, Heather Edwards, Alessandro Villa, Nick Purdy, Michael Troka, Peter Varela, Quinn Self, Yingci Liu, Yusuf Dundar, Patricia Joyce Brooks and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Head & neck, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Association Between Habitual Khat (Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

James Christopher GatesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7491-8995
Heather EdwardsBoston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Alessandro VillaDepartment of Surgery, Director of Oral Oncology, Baptist Health, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1966-6000
Nick PurdyDepartment of Otolaryngology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Michael TrokaUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Peter VarelaUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-8737-5464
Quinn SelfDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Yingci LiuDepartment of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9242-0808
Yusuf DundarDepartment of Otolaryngology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Patricia Joyce BrooksPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9256-6236
Dauren AdilbayDepartment of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Andrew BirkelandDepartment of Otolaryngology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
John CramerDepartment of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6869-8554

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOral cancer is often preceded by a precursor lesion. This presents an opportunity for early diagnosis and intervention. Method of biopsy and interpretation are not well standardized and novel methods of analysis are now being investigated.

methodsWe conducted a narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE (last search August 31, 2025), focusing on adult oral precancerous lesions evaluated in outpatient settings.

resultsIncisional punch biopsy is reproducible and often provides the diagnostic information needed. However, scalpel biopsy should be considered when initial biopsy is equivocal, depth of invasion is desired, or to minimize sampling bias. Limited studies show improved sensitivity of combining saliva and plasma sampling. Targeted fluorescent imaging may aid in future biopsy site selection. AI has shown encouraging results in both automated detection of dysplasia and prediction of malignant progression, achieving performance comparable to clinically validated grading systems.

conclusionThis update serves to further inform biopsy of oral suspicious lesions and provide a framework for future investigation.

Indexed as

Mouth NeoplasmsPrecancerous ConditionsBiopsyEarly Detection of CancerHumansUnited States

Identifiers

PMID41466514
PMCPMC12891757

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.