ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
The association between dietary protein intake and metabolic syndrome: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome-Kidney Stone Disease Comorbidity: The Role of Dietary Micronutrients.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe primary aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the association of dietary protein with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in observational studies. In addition, the secondary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of protein intake on MetS components.
methodsAn Initial search was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus until May 2024. Cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies were included, and their quality and certainty were evaluated by the Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tools, respectively.
resultBased on our meta-analysis, we found that plant protein (PP), and animal protein (AP) had an inverse association with MetS (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.87, P < 0.001; I
conclusionCurrent evidence suggests that PP and AP intake may be associated with reduced risk of MetS as the primary outcome. However, in specific contexts, such as some of the secondary outcomes, results showed no reaction, e.g., TP-WC, TP-FBS, TP-BP, AP-FBS, PP-FBS. Besides, due to the high heterogeneity, methodological quality, and significant bias in PP-MetS and PP-TG, recommendations must be made cautiously. Finally, no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding a causal or uniform protective relationship.
trial registrationProspero ID 1020957.
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Registered trials
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