Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41466160›Full record

ArticleChild: care, health and development2026

Understanding Disease Aetiology and Related Needs Knowledge of Parents of Children With Spina Bifida.

Olivia E Clark, Madeleine C Suhs, Taylor L Hilderbrand, Monique M Ridosh, Elicia C Wartman, Eva Darow, Grayson N Holmbeck

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child: care, health and development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Olivia E ClarkDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-8967
Madeleine C SuhsDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Taylor L HilderbrandDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Monique M RidoshMarcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-6710
Elicia C WartmanDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Eva DarowDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Grayson N HolmbeckDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Funding

Healthy Adolescent and Young Adult Self-Management in Spina BifidaK01NR018907 · NINR · LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO · PI RIDOSH, MONIQUE · 2021 to 2023
$384k
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) R01-HD048629March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation 12-FY13-271NINR NIH HHS K01NR018907NINR NIH HHS R01-NR016235
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSpina bifida (SB), a birth defect impacting the central nervous system, may disrupt family functioning, elevate risk for psychosocial concerns in family members, and require extensive medical management. Parental knowledge of their child's medical condition supports parents in managing youth health needs, advocating for their child and responding to complications. Little is known about parent understanding of youth SB. The purpose of this study is to identify parent perceptions and knowledge of aetiology and problems associated with SB to support opportunities for intervention in families of youth with SB.

methodsParents of 140 youth with SB completed open-response questions as part of a modified version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire regarding perceptions of (1) problems associated with SB and (2) causes of SB. Researchers evaluated secondary survey-elicited data using a content analysis approach to identify themes.

resultsParents exhibited varying levels of knowledge of SB aetiology, including knowledge of several salient medical and nonmedical problems associated with their child's condition. Perceptions of problems included physical (e.g., toileting, and ambulation) and neurocognitive (e.g., executive function) concerns, as well as family and caregiver functioning (e.g., caregiver burden) challenges. This study highlighted some areas of misunderstanding with respect to knowledge of aetiology (e.g., environmental toxins).

conclusionsParent perceptions of SB focused on a variety of salient medical and nonmedical problems. In addition, gaps in knowledge of condition aetiology were highlighted. Medical providers and paediatric psychosocial care providers should provide individualized and developmentally appropriate education regarding SB from diagnosis through young adulthood to support family adjustment, caregiver well-being and tailored medical management. Future research should examine predictors of parent knowledge and perceptions.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeParentsSpinal DysraphismAdolescentAdultCaregiversChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnairescondition‐related knowledgeparent psychosocial functioningpatient/provider communicationqualitative methodsspina bifida

Identifiers

PMID41466160
PMCPMC12749550

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.