ArticleSurgical endoscopy2026
Institutional learning curve for robotic pancreatoduodenectomy: a consecutive 100-case analysis.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Learning curve of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a CUSUM and risk-adjusted CUSUM analysis of 120 consecutive cases.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRobotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) is a feasible but technically demanding procedure. Although surgeon-specific learning curves are well characterized, institutional curves remain underreported. This study aimed to evaluate the institutional learning curve for RPD using cumulative sum (CUSUM) and risk-adjusted CUSUM (RA-CUSUM) analyses.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive RPDs performed between September 2022 and November 2024 at a high-volume tertiary center. Clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) were compared. Surgical failure was defined as conversion or Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complication. CUSUM and RA-CUSUM analyses were applied to identify learning curve thresholds.
resultsOf the 508 PDs performed, 100 were robotic (84 hybrid, 16 totally robotic). Compared with OPD, RPD was associated with a longer operative time and fewer retrieved lymph nodes, but demonstrated similar R0 resection rates, incidence of major complications, and rates of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, along with a shorter hospital stay. Surgical failure occurred in 32 cases, and independent risk factors included pylorus-resecting PD, high blood loss, and transfusion. The RA-CUSUM identified the institutional learning curve at 44 cases, with stabilization achieved by 76 cases. Beyond this threshold, the operative time and the incidence of major complications decreased significantly, and overall outcomes became comparable to those of OPD.
conclusionsThe institutional learning curve for RPD was achieved in approximately 44 cases. Despite a prolonged operative time, RPD exhibited comparable safety and oncologic adequacy to OPD, with a reduced hospital stay. These findings support the feasibility and safety of institutional adoption of RPD in high-volume centers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41466142What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.