ArticleNature medicine2026
The global macroeconomic burden of diabetes mellitus.
Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparison of effectiveness and safety of bexagliflozin and other sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Patient-Centered Diabetes Care Through an Ethical Lens: Associations with Patient Satisfaction and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Saudi Primary Healthcare.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global economic burden of depression in 154 countries from 2025 to 2050.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction of vitamin E in diabetes and cardiovascular disease: From molecular mechanisms to clinical application.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes prevention across the life course.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Nonlinear modeling of health checkup factors and future claims-based healthcare costs in Japan: a retrospective cohort study.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers Co-Delivering Pioglitazone and Curcumin: Biological Activity and Therapeutic Potential in Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Among People with Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Diabetes-Related Stigma and Interpersonal Distress Among Adults with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Family, Workplace, and Healthcare Settings.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of healthy lifestyle and dietary practices with prediabetes among young Korean adults: sex-specific findings from KNHANES 2020-2024.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Integrated UHPLC-QTOF-MSJournal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Evaluating large language models using the Type 2 Diabetes Health Education guideline: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4.1, Claude-4.0, DeepSeek-V3, and ERNIE Bot 4.5 Turbo.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epigenetics, bacterial metabolites and type 2 diabetes: a new view of gut-genome interactions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Long non-coding RNAs in the crosstalk between diabetes and colorectal cancer: molecular mechanisms and endocrine pathways.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus poses a substantial and rising global health and economic burden, affecting more than one in ten adults worldwide. Using a health-augmented macroeconomic model across 204 countries and territories, we estimated the economic impact of diabetes from 2020 to 2050, incorporating losses in effective labor supply due to mortality and morbidity, treatment-related resource diversion and informal caregiving costs. Without informal care, the global burden amounts to $10.2 trillion (2017 international dollars (INT$)), equivalent to 0.22% of annual global gross domestic product. Including informal care, the burden increases dramatically to INT$78.8 trillion, ranging from INT$5.5 trillion to INT$152.1 trillion, depending on the assumptions for care. The absolute costs are highest in the United States, China and India, while relative and per capita burdens are greatest in countries such as American Samoa and Australia. These findings highlight the uneven distribution of diabetes' economic impact and underscore the urgent need for effective global interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.