Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41466045›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water for balancing dental caries prevention and fluorosis control in Jinan, China.

Liu Yang, Qinfu Wang, Zhonghua Meng, Feifei Yan, Xingyi Geng, Wei Wei

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liu YangCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
Qinfu WangJinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Zhonghua MengJinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Feifei YanJinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Xingyi GengJinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. gengxingyi@163.com.
Wei WeiCenter for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China. hrbmuww@163.com.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82373699the School Health Association of Shandong SDWS2025070
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fluoride in drinking water plays a dual role in dental health, where both excessive and insufficient intake present significant public health challenges. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3,980 children aged 8 to 12 years in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, collected in 2019 and 2024. The aim was to determine the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water that balances the prevention of dental caries with the control of dental fluorosis. The associations between dental health outcomes and water fluoride concentrations were examined using combined data from the two independent cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2019 and 2024. The results indicated that each 1 mg/L increase in fluoride concentration was associated with a 1,246% (OR: 13.46, 95%CI: 8.30, 21.84) increase in the risk of dental fluorosis. Conversely, the risk of dental caries exhibited a U-shaped association, with fluoride levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L linked to a lower risk of dental caries (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.97) while also being associated with a controlled prevalence of dental fluorosis (OR: 2.51, 95%CI: 1.88, 3.35). These findings suggest that establishing a fluoride concentration range of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L is optimal for balancing the prevention of dental caries and the control of dental fluorosis.

Indexed as

Dental CariesDrinking WaterFluoridesFluorosis, DentalChildChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceDrinking WaterFluoridesChildrenDental cariesDental fluorosisDrinking waterFluoride

Identifiers

PMID41466045
PMCPMC12847915

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.