SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Populations with Intellectual Disabilities: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Capacities.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genetic aetiology of global developmental delay and intellectual disability in Africa: a scoping review.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Populations with intellectual disabilities, especially individuals with genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome, are at very high risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. This article aims to systematically review the capacities and limitations of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in these vulnerable populations. A narrative review was conducted using a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2000 and 2025 on biomarkers in intellectual disability and neurodegenerative diseases. Peer-reviewed articles in English or Persian were included, and the extracted data were synthesized thematically. Findings show that various biomarkers, including protein biomarkers (such as Aβ and tau), imaging (such as PET and MRI), genetic biomarkers, and fluid-based (blood and CSF) biomarkers, have significant potential in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment response. However, the use of these biomarkers in the population with intellectual disabilities faces unique challenges, including inherent biological heterogeneity, the presence of comorbidities, methodological barriers in assessment, and complex ethical considerations. The final conclusion indicates that achieving the maximum potential of these biomarkers requires the development of standardized and validated protocols for this specific population, conducting further longitudinal studies, and seriously considering ethical issues. This review emphasizes the importance of international collaborations and multidisciplinary approaches for transforming clinical care for these individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.