Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41465239›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Effects of Fentanyl-Adulterated Methamphetamine on Circulating Ghrelin in Rats.

Huimei Wei, Elise C Maul, Shawn Park, Kaniz Fatema, Daniel J Peter, Chang-Guo Zhan, Fang Zheng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Huimei WeiMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Elise C MaulMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Shawn ParkMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Kaniz FatemaMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Daniel J PeterMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-7302-6375
Chang-Guo ZhanMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Fang ZhengMolecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

Funding

Development of a Long-acting Enzyme Therapy for Treatment of Cocaine AbuseU01DA051079 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHAN, CHANG-GUO · 2020 to 2022
$11.8M
Long-lasting cocaine-metabolizing enzyme for cocaine addiction treatmentR01DA035552 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHAN, CHANG-GUO · 2013 to 2015
$3.4M
Redesign of Butyrylcholinesterase for Cocaine MetabolismR01DA013930 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHAN, CHANG-GUO · 2003 to 2010
$2.4M
Ghrelin Deacylase as a Treatment for Opioid Polysubstance AbuseR01DA056646 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHAN, CHANG-GUO, ZHENG, FANG · 2022 to 2025
$2.2M
Development of a Cocaine-Metabolizing Enzyme for Drug Overdose TreatmentR01DA032910 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHAN, CHANG-GUO · 2012 to 2015
$1.8M
Validation of ghrelin hydrolysis as an effective approach to treatment of substance use disordersU18DA052319 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ZHENG, FANG · 2020 to 2020
$230k
NIH HHS R01 DA013930NIH HHS R01 DA032910NIH HHS R01 DA035552NIH HHS R01 DA056646NIH HHS U01 DA051079NIH HHS U18 DA052319NIH HHS UG3/UH3 NS134920NIH HHS UH2/UH3 DA041115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The appetite hormone ghrelin influences biological processes that are responsible for substance use disorder, which is related to alcohol and most abused drugs including cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, etc. In general, upregulation of the ghrelin system enhances drug cravings and substance use. Studies reported in the literature consistently demonstrated that the ghrelin system is associated with stimulants. However, research on opioids in combination with methamphetamine has not been reported. In this study, we examined the relationship of circulating ghrelin with the polydrug use of fentanyl and methamphetamine in male Sprague-Dawley rats, demonstrating for the first time that concurrent use of fentanyl and methamphetamine significantly increased plasma acyl-ghrelin (the active form of ghrelin) and total ghrelin concentrations. Additionally, the data also demonstrated for the first time that the use of fentanyl alone also significantly increased the plasma ghrelin concentrations. These findings imply that the ghrelin system could be a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of substance use disorders caused by polydrug use involving fentanyl and methamphetamine as well as the fentanyl use alone.

Indexed as

FentanylGhrelinMethamphetamineAnimalsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySubstance-Related DisordersFentanylGhrelinMethamphetaminefentanylghrelinmethamphetamineopioidpolydrug use

Identifiers

PMID41465239
PMCPMC12732812

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.