ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Review of the Surgical Techniques, Indications and Anatomical Considerations.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk factors and prediction model for recurrence after unilateral dual-channel spinal endoscopy in patients with lumbar disc herniation.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Symptomatic adjacent-segment epidural hematoma after UNSES for L4/5 lumbar disc herniation: a case report and narrative literature review.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) has emerged over time as a minimally invasive alternative to conventional microdiscectomy. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence regarding the evolution, indications, techniques, and outcomes of FELD, with a particular focus on how different types of lumbar disc herniations influence the choice of surgical approach. The literature indicates that the transforaminal approach is most suitable for foraminal and upper lumbar disc herniations, whereas the interlaminar approach is preferred for central or migrated L5-S1 herniations due to the larger interlaminar window at this level. Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) provides better flexibility, visualization, and instrument maneuverability, making it particularly useful in certain cases. Reported complication rates remain low overall but vary according to surgical technique and surgeon experience. The learning curve for FELD typically ranges from approximately 20 to over 50 cases, depending on the approach and individual proficiency. Overall, full-endoscopic techniques are redefining the management of lumbar disc herniations by offering less invasive alternatives with favourable clinical outcomes, and their role is expected to expand further as both technology and surgical expertise continue to evolve.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.