ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025
Advancing Gender-Equitable, Affirmative and Integrated Dentistry in India: Multizonal National Benchmarking of Oral Health Professionals' Gender Sensitivity, Inclusiveness, and Preparedness Using the Novel OHP-GSIP © Tool.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGender-diverse populations in India, including transgender and non-binary individuals, experience systemic barriers to healthcare, with dentistry remaining particularly underexplored. Despite legislative protections, oral health professionals (OHPs) often lack the knowledge, sensitivity, and preparedness needed to provide inclusive care. This study aimed to benchmark gender sensitivity, inclusivity, and clinical preparedness of Indian OHPs using the novel Oral Healthcare Professional's Gender Sensitivity, Inclusivity, and Preparedness (OHP-GSIP ©) tool.
methodsA descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3660 registered dental practitioners across six zones of India using probability proportional to size sampling. The prevalidated OHP-GSIP © scale assessed five domains: gender sensitivity, inclusive environments, diversity in practice, professional attitudes, and preparedness for transgender oral healthcare. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation matrices, and multiple regression.
resultsParticipants demonstrated moderate LGBTQIA+ knowledge (mean = 6.52/10, SD = 1.78) and comfort in treating transgender patients (mean = 3.81/5, SD = 1.09). Structural inclusivity was limited: only 23.5% reported gender-neutral restrooms, and 17.5% used non-binary intake forms. Over 90% expressed willingness to employ or collaborate with transgender colleagues, though this did not significantly predict clinical comfort. Regression analysis showed inclusivity in practice (β = 0.38,
conclusionWhile Indian OHPs displayed generally supportive attitudes toward transgender individuals, substantial gaps persist in structural inclusivity, clinical preparedness, and knowledge. Bridging these gaps requires systemic reforms in dental education, policy, and practice environments. The OHP-GSIP © tool provides a benchmark for guiding curricular integration, institutional inclusivity, and policy advocacy toward equitable, gender-affirming oral healthcare.
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