ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Exploring the "Tip of the Tongue" and "Feeling of Knowing" Phenomena During Advanced Aging: The Interplay of Age of Acquisition, Vocabulary and Verbal Fluency.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe "tip of the tongue" (TOT) and "feeling of knowing" (FOK) phenomena were cognitive experiences that notably affected word retrieval, particularly among older adults. The study aimed to investigate the influences of age of acquisition (AoA), vocabulary size, and verbal fluency on the frequency and nature of TOT and FOK occurrences as individuals aged.
methodsA behavioral experiment was conducted based on the two-step word retrieval framework established by Gollan and Brown in 2006. Early and late acquisition words were utilized to induce tip-of-the-tongue phenomena and the feeling of knowing. Additionally, vocabulary and verbal fluency tests were administered. Sixty monolingual older adults participated in the study (35 female, 25 male; mean age: 77.66 years). Mixed-effects linear regressions had been used to analyze the data.
resultsThe logistic regression analysis identified age of acquisition as the most significant predictor of TOT and FOK experiences (
conclusionsThe findings underscore the importance of early vocabulary acquisition as a protective factor against cognitive decline in older adults, emphasizing the necessity for interventions aimed at enhancing vocabulary and fluency. This study contributed valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying language retrieval and suggested that fostering rich linguistic environments throughout life could facilitate better cognitive health in aging populations.
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