MPG-SwinUMamba: High-Precision Segmentation and Automated Measurement of Eye Muscle Area in Live Sheep Based on Deep Learning.

Accurate EMA assessment in live sheep is crucial for genetic breeding and production management within the meat sheep industry. However, the segmentation accuracy and reliability of existing automated methods are limited by challenges inherent to B-mode ultrasound images, such as low contrast and noise interference. To address these challenges, we present MPG-SwinUMamba, a novel deep learning-based segmentation network. This model uniquely combines the state-space model with a U-Net architecture. It also integrates an edge-enhancement multi-scale attention module (MSEE) and a pyramid attention refinement module (PARM) to improve the detection of indistinct boundaries and better capture global context. The global context aggregation decoder (GCAD) is employed to precisely reconstruct the segmentation mask, enabling automated measurement of the EMA. Compared to 12 other leading segmentation models, MPG-SwinUMamba achieved superior performance, with an intersection-over-union of 91.62% and a Dice similarity coefficient of 95.54%. Additionally, automated measurements show excellent agreement with expert manual assessments (correlation coefficient r = 0.9637), with a mean absolute percentage error of only 4.05%. This method offers non-invasive and efficient and objective evaluation of carcass performance in live sheep, with the potential to reduce measurement costs and enhance breeding efficiency.