ArticleBiology2025
Allies in the Skin Defense System: The Role of Thread Cells in the Evolution of Hagfish (Myxiniformes).
Article in Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The skin of vertebrates serves as a crucial interface with the external environment. In fish, it performs various functions, mainly offering protection against pathogens through the action of specialized cells. Cyclostomes, such as hagfish, lack scales and rely heavily on mucus for defense. These jawless vertebrates possess specialized glands that produce a unique mucous exudate when threatened, forming a thick slime that can clog the gills of predators. This substance, composed of mucus and filamentous proteins, offers hagfish a distinct evolutionary advantage and may explain their survival among extinct agnates. These proteins are produced in the cytoplasm of epidermal thread cells, which are unique to hagfish and contain coiled, intermediate filaments. Despite extensive research on thread cell morphology, their roles remain poorly understood. This study investigates the putative defense function of epidermal thread cells in three hagfish species,
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