Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41463061›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

What Is Inside the Sinus Tarsi? Mechanoreceptor Distribution, Typing and Clinical Relevance-A Histological and Immunohistochemical Synthesis.

Alberto Arceri, Antonio Mazzotti, Gianmarco Di Paola, Federico Sgubbi, Laura Langone, Simone Ottavio Zielli, Francesca Veronesi, Gianluca Giavaresi, Paolo Mora, Cesare Faldini

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alberto Arceri1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6486-6300
Antonio Mazzotti1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9974-4787
Gianmarco Di Paola1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-2747-9192
Federico Sgubbi1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-6700-207X
Laura Langone1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5378-4908
Simone Ottavio Zielli1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0867-1338
Francesca VeronesiSurgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6750-9376
Gianluca GiavaresiSurgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7843-5969
Paolo MoraDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1787-3911
Cesare Faldini1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8152-4778

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The sinus tarsi, a small osseoligamentous recess of the subtalar joint, contains multiple soft-tissue structures with a complex sensory network. However, the detailed neural architecture and clinical significance of its innervation remain incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of histological and immunohistochemical studies on the neural structures of the sinus tarsi. Histological staining and validated immunohistochemical markers (S100, p75, PGP9.5, neurofilament, myelin basic protein) were the methods used in these studies to analyze human sinus tarsi tissue. Across all investigations, free nerve endings predominated, while Ruffini, Pacinian and Golgi-like corpuscles were variably identified, mainly near ligament insertions. The sinus tarsi exhibits a dense and heterogeneous neural network that likely contributes to both pain perception and sensorimotor control. Further standardized and quantitative research is warranted to clarify the neurofunctional role of this region.

Indexed as

free nerve endingsimmunohistochemistrymechanoreceptorsproprioceptionsinus tarsi

Identifiers

PMID41463061
PMCPMC12730984

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.