Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2025
Excess mortality and healthcare costs during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with ten major chronic diseases in South korea: a nationwide analysis.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA comprehensive understanding of excess mortality for patients with underlying conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic has yet to be achieved. Thus, this study aims to investigate excess mortality and healthcare costs during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with ten major chronic diseases in South Korea.
methodsA nationwide retrospective cohort study used the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service (K-CoV-N) database, integrating COVID-19 testing, vaccination, mortality, and insurance claims data for the entire Korean population. We assessed mortality and medical costs from 2017 to 2022 in patients with ten chronic conditions, including chronic lung disease (CLD), heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, chronic liver disease, autoimmune disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia/Parkinson's disease (DPD), and cancer. Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression were used to compare mortality and costs between the pre-pandemic (2019-2019) and pandemic periods (2020-2022), stratified by COVID-19 infection status and vaccination history.
resultsMortality rates increased significantly during the pandemic for CLD, stroke, chronic liver disease, autoimmune disease, CKD, and DPD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) > 1.00 and p < 0.05). In contrast, mortality decreased for diabetes, hypertension, and cancer (aOR < 1.00 and p < 0.001). Healthcare costs also exhibited disease-specific trends, with increased spending for conditions such as CLD and autoimmune diseases, but reduced costs for diseases like stroke and DPD. Notably, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer showed decreased mortality despite rising healthcare expenditures, highlighting the role of medical innovation and advancements in chronic disease management.
conclusionsThis study underscores the heightened vulnerability of patients with chronic conditions during pandemics and reveals the possibility of disparities in healthcare access and resource allocation. These findings offer critical insights for future public health strategies and policy development to mitigate the impact of health crises on individuals with chronic diseases. CLINICAL TRIAL: This study does not include a clinical trial (Number: not applicable).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.