ArticleBMC psychology2025
High social support is associated with reduced cardiac events in patients following ICD/CRT-D implantation: a one-year follow-up study in China.
Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies exist on the impact of social support on cardiac events following implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy devices with defibrillators (CRT-D). This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between social support and adverse cardiac events among ICD/CRT-D recipients during a 1-year follow-up.
methodsThis hospital-based longitudinal study included 101 patients undergoing first ICD/CRT-D implantation. Demographic and clinical data were collected as confounders. Social support, anxiety, and depression scores were assessed at baseline and during follow-ups (1, 3, 6, 12 months). Cardiac events (primary endpoint: all-cause mortality or appropriate ICD shocks; secondary endpoint: primary endpoint events, heart failure hospitalization, or acute coronary syndrome) were documented. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for age, sex, NYHA class, and ICD indication) evaluated associations, while time-dependent Cox models analyzed temporal effects.
resultsPatients with higher baseline social support exhibited a reduced risk of the primary composite endpoint (log-rank χ² = 5.53, p = 0.019) and secondary composite endpoint (log-rank χ² = 14.64, p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment (age, sex, NYHA class, ICD indication, anxiety/depression scores), high social support was independently linked to 65.6% lower secondary endpoint risk (adjusted HR = 0.344, 95% CI: 0.172–0.688, p = 0.003). The protective association attenuated over time (HR = 0.991 per unit time, p = 0.009) but remained statistically significant. Anxiety and depression showed no baseline association with events but demonstrated a time-dependent risk increase.
conclusionHigher social support is independently associated with a reduced risk of the secondary composite endpoint after ICD/CRT-D implantation. Sustained psychosocial interventions may be warranted to mitigate long-term risk attenuation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.