Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41461925›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2026

PCMT1 generates the C-terminal cyclic imide degron on CRBN substrates.

Zhenguang Zhao, Wenqing Xu, Ethan Yang Feng, Shiyun Cao, Alba Hermoso-López, Pablo Peña-Vega, Hannah C Lloyd, Abigail K D Porter, Manuel Guzmán, Ning Zheng and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Evolving CRBN ligands enhance the drug-like properties of protein degraders.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zhenguang Zhao *Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-802X
Wenqing Xu *Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-3141
Ethan Yang Feng *Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7295-8317
Shiyun Cao *Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-4963
Alba Hermoso-LópezDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Pablo Peña-VegaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Hannah C LloydDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Abigail K D PorterDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-0747-6779
Manuel GuzmánDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-118X
Ning ZhengDepartment of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-1581
Christina M WooDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. cwoo@chemistry.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-9105

Funding

Uncovering the substrate recognition mechanisms of the E3 ligase adaptor cereblonR01GM141406 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI WOO, CHRISTINA · 2022 to 2025
$1.3M
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM141406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The E3 ligase substrate adapter cereblon (CRBN), the primary target of clinical agents thalidomide and lenalidomide, recognizes endogenous substrates bearing the C-terminal cyclic imide modification. Although C-terminal cyclic imides can form spontaneously, an enzyme that regulates their formation and thereby promotes a biological pathway connecting substrates to CRBN is unknown. Here we report that protein carboxymethyltransferase (PCMT1) promotes formation of C-terminal cyclic imides on C-terminal asparagine residues of CRBN substrates. PCMT1 and CRBN coregulate the levels of metabolic enzymes including glutamine synthetase and inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 in vitro, in cells and in vivo, and this regulation is associated with the proepileptic phenotype of CRBN knockout mouse models. The discovery of an enzyme that regulates CRBN substrates through the C-terminal cyclic imide reveals a previously unknown biological pathway that is perturbed by thalidomide derivatives and provides a biochemical basis for the connection between multiple biological processes and CRBN.

Indexed as

Adaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingImidesUbiquitin-Protein LigasesAnimalsDegronsHEK293 CellsHumansMiceMice, KnockoutSubstrate SpecificityThalidomideAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingCRBN protein, humanCrbn protein, mouseImidesThalidomideUbiquitin-Protein Ligases

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.