Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41461899›Full record

ArticleCommunications engineering2025

Surpassing the diffraction limit for improved lateral resolution in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography of the living human eye.

Andrew J Bower, Furu Zhang, Tao Liu, Joanne Li, Nancy Aguilera, Sarah Abouassali, Jonathan Krynitsky, Randy Pursley, Tom Pohida, Bartlomiej Kowalski and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Communications engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Andrew J BowerNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-5950
Furu ZhangNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tao LiuNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Joanne LiNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nancy AguileraNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-596X
Sarah AbouassaliNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jonathan KrynitskyNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Randy PursleyNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tom PohidaNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Bartlomiej KowalskiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Rongwen LuNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alfredo DubraDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Johnny TamNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. johnny@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-0567

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHEN A BACCUS · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
Cellular-level Vascular Oculomics (CVO) for monitoring systemic vascular healthOT2OD038128 · OD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Stephen A Burns, Amani A Fawzi · 2024 to 2026
$4.8M
Increasing the isoplanatic patch in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopyR01EY032147 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2021 to 2025
$2.4M
Improving rigor and reproducibility in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopyR01EY031360 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2020 to 2023
$2.3M
Low Latency Eye-Motion CompensationR01EY032669 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2021 to 2024
$1.8M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031360NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032147NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032669NIH HHS OT2 OD038128U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) OT2OD038128U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) P30EY026877U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) R01EY031360U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) R01EY032147U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) R01EY032669
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Advances in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AOOCT) have facilitated the three-dimensional assessment of structural and functional properties of individual retinal cells in the living human eye. However, even with diffraction-limited AOOCT systems, some cells in the living human retina can be difficult to resolve, especially when using near-infrared wavelengths of light (~1000 nm). We demonstrate that modifying the traditional AOOCT instrument design to enable annular illumination and sub-Airy disk detection results in improved imaging resolution beyond fundamental limits imposed by diffraction. We successfully applied this approach to in vivo human retinal imaging, achieving on average 36% improvement in lateral resolution beyond conventional imaging conditions, enabling improved visualization of the foveal cone and rod photoreceptor mosaics using AOOCT. These results demonstrate an effective strategy for improving lateral resolution in point-scanning AOOCT in a manner that is compatible with new and existing instruments.

Identifiers

PMID41461899
PMCPMC12764984

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.